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Why Education Systems Don’t Teach Critical Thinking: The Structural Limits of Modern Schooling

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Why Education Systems Do Not Teach Critical Thinking: Understanding the Limits of Modern Schooling Introduction Education is often considered the foundation of a healthy and progressive society. Schools and universities are expected to provide not only knowledge but also the ability to analyze information, question assumptions, and think independently . These abilities are commonly described as critical thinking skills . However, many observers argue that modern education systems often prioritize memorization and standardized testing rather than deep analytical thinking. As a result, many students achieve high academic scores but still struggle to evaluate complex arguments, question authority, or interpret information from multiple perspectives. This debate exists in many countries, including India, United States, and China , where education systems are frequently criticized for focusing more on examination success than on independent reasoning. To understand why this happens, it is ...